The Big Story About The Big Game for Super Bowl Ads is Brand Storytelling.

(Updated January 31, 2025)

For advertisers paying $8 million for a 30-second TV ad in the NFL Championship game, the big story isn’t the Philadelphia Eagles versus Kanas City Chiefs, Jalen Hurts versus Patrick Mahomes, or even the odds on a Travis Kelce-Taylor Swift Super Bowl proposal.

Advertisers need to please a lot of eyeballs.

For them, Super Bowl LIX is about the 2025 Super Bowl of advertising and which brand ads will garner the most votes in the Super Bowl ad polls (winners get lots of press) and the most views on social media before, during, and after Sunday’s game. There’s a lot of pressure on marketing managers, ad agencies, and the creative team.

Neilson reports 123 million people in the U.S. watched last year’s Super Bowl LVII with 120 million in the U.S. – roughly 34% of the country. The most popular TV shows like Yellowstone only reach 11.5 million. How do you write a hit Super Bowl Ad for TV and social media?

How are this year’s brand advertisers trying to please?

Adweek reports that 2025’s Super Bowl ad trends include nostalgia, celebrities, animals, Americana imagery, bro culture, and crowd-sourced commercials. Reports say there will be more ads for AI, not ads created by AI.

As an ad copywriter, I felt pressure with regular TV ads. I never had a national Super Bowl ad, but I did create one that ran locally during the Super Bowl. I also worked on Spot Bowl for years – our ad agency’s national Super Bowl ad ratings poll. I gave each ad a title and description as they ran so we could get them up on the website for voting.

Our research of Super Bowl ads found the best way to please is story.

So, what makes one ad more likable to finish in the top ten of USA Today Ad Meter and Spot Bowl versus the bottom ten? When I became a professor my colleague Michael Coolsen and I asked that very question. Was it humor or emotion? Sex appeal or cute animals? This year will it be nostalgia or using TikTok influencers?

Our two-year analysis of 108 Super Bowl commercials published in the Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice found the key to popularity was telling a story. It didn’t matter if you had animals or celebrities and used humor or sex appeal, the underlying factor to likability was a plot. Super Bowl Ad Poll ratings were higher for ads that follow a full five-act story arc and the more acts commercials had the higher the ratings.

The key is a five-act dramatic story structure.

Why five-acts? Remember studying five-act Shakespearian Plays in high school? There was a reason Shakespeare was so popular and why he used to tell a story in five-acts. It is a powerful formula that has drawn people’s attention for hundreds of years.

The classical drama framework we used was conceived by Aristotle, followed by Shakespeare and depicted by German novelist and playwright Gustav Freytag as a pyramid. His theory of drama advanced Aristotle’s to include a more precise five-act structure as seen below.

Five-act stories also draw views and shares in social media.

Ad rating polls of TV ads are one thing, but how does a story perform in social media? We wanted to find out, so we conducted another research study published in the Journal of Interactive Marketing. We analyzed 155 viral advertising YouTube videos from randomly selected brands in different industries over a year.

Videos that told a more developed or complete story had significantly higher shares and views. We coded the videos based on the same five-act dramatic structure in Freytag’s Pyramid: introduction, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolve.

Analyze this year’s Super Bowl ads for story with this template.

Try doing a little storytelling analysis for yourself! Use the downloadable template below. It describes what needs to happen in each act on the left. Then on the right fill out your description of what happened as you watch the Super Bowl ads.

Some will have all five-acts. Some will have only three, two, one, or even zero. In our viral ad study, only 25% of our sample were five-act stories. In fact, there were more zero-act ads at 31%. After coding for the number of acts compare your results to see how they fare in the two ad polls (Ad Meter, Spot Bowl) and in YouTube views.

Budweiser’s Clydesdales are back this year. How will they do?

Budweiser is bringing back its storied Clydesdale ads for a second year after they abandoned them in 2015. The Clydesdale ads were storied because they told full five-act stories and finished in the top 5 of USA Today’s Ad Meter 8 times in 10 years.

In 2014, I successfully predicted that Bud’s Clydesdale ad “Puppy Love” would be the winner because it was a full full-five-act story and it did finish first in ad polls.

In 2016, I successfully predicted their first non-Clydesdale ad “Don’t Back Down” would not finish in the top 10 because it did not tell a complete story – it finished 28th. I recently found this article from iSpot.tv and how their data confirms our academic research findings.

If you’re interested in applying story to all forms of marketing communications our book Brand Storytelling explains how to follow this 5-act dramatic form for TV, online video, and all IMC touchpoints such as print ads, banner ads, direct, radio, and PR.

This Was Human Created Content!

Beyond AI Bans: An End of Year AI Integration Pep Talk for Educators.

AI image showing a university professor burning AI inspired by the book Fahrenheit 451.

In December 2022, my first experience with AI was using ChatGPT to write a blog article about social media marketing. I’d been practicing and teaching social media for over a decade, yet ChatGPT wrote an impressive and scary good article in less than a minute – something that may have take me hours!

How did you feel after your first use of ChatGPT? Since then I’ve had ups and downs with Generative AI. From full embrace and cautious integration to dystopian fear and overt avoidance. It’s been a long journey, but I’ve learned much along the way.

The end of the year is a time for reflection.

What I find I need at the end of a long hard year is a pep talk. Anyone else? December alone gifted us “12 days of OpenAI” and major updates from most AI companies like Google, Anthropic, Perplexity, Meta, Apple, Microsoft, IBM, and xAI. I’m still processing what happened in Fall classes and have just two weeks to update courses for Spring.

I can relate to what AI expert Marc Watkins says in his latest Substack,

“I need a reset. Truly, we all do. For the past two years, educators have been asked to reevaluate their teaching and assessments in the wake of ChatGPT, adopt or refuse it, develop policies, and become AI literate. Except generative AI isn’t a normal or novel development within our field of study we can attend some conferences or webinars to understand its impact to keep up with it. None of this has been normal…”

University faculty are woefully behind.

I’ve accomplished much since Fall 2022: Two books, four research articles, three conference presentations, a top teaching paper award, and multiple AI presentations to professionals and faculty. Yet, negatives have me losing sight of the positives.

This fall my LinkedIn feed felt full of posts and comments about how far behind university professors are in AI. I know critiques are valid. In my first adjunct appointment in 2009, a media professor still didn’t teach the Internet because “it was a fad.” Like any profession dinosaurs exist.

University faculty are leading AI adoption.

However, the profs I mostly interact with are working hard to learn and keep up. For every head-in-the-sand professor, there are plenty trying to keep their heads above water with the pace of AI change. My workload has increased with AI not decreased.

So it’s hard to read comments that generalize us all as behind and advocate for replacing us with AI teaching agents. The profs I follow, like Ethan Molick and Marc Watkins, aren’t just teaching but innovating AI in education and their professional disciplines.

Professors are old and boring.

Despite many more positive comments and evidence of grads excelling, human tendency is to focus on the negative. Years ago, I got a student comment,

“I can’t believe someone old enough to be my dad is teaching social media.”

Another student once told me I need to update my headshot because I don’t look like the website photo anymore. Then there’s the student who said my voice is monotone and boring. Ouch! Despite being in the minority, those comments still hurt and I have trouble forgetting them years later.

Professors have wisdom from experience.

Does age equate to being behind? I have a much bigger picture of the world and have lived through many waves of tech advancements. I’ve also spent nearly two decades practicing marketing and now a decade researching and teaching it. A week ago I received this comment from a student’s internship report,

“My academic background in marketing, particularly courses in social media marketing and digital, laid a solid foundation for this internship. Concepts learned in these courses proved instrumental in creating effective social media posts. Without these courses, my social content would have not been as effective or efficient.”

Great right? Yes, but I still struggle to get the negative out of my head. I know I’m not auditioning for America’s Got Talent, I’m an educator not an entertainer, so why can’t I let it go? Human brains have a negative bias. We all tend to engage, emphasize, and focus on the negative – something social media algorithms take advantage of to keep us scrolling.

So thanks to the grad from two years ago who recently gave me a LinkedIn shout-out for my project management software and HubSpot certificate integrations preparing him well. I also appreciate the student graduating this Spring who has had two internships and has already been hired into her dream sports marketing job. She thanked me for what she learned in my digital marketing and other classes to get her there.

We need grace, humility, and confidence.

Constructive criticism is key to learning and advancement, but you also can’t take it too much to heart. You’ll either be so discouraged you give up or you’ll become too timid to experiment for fear of the negative. I am in that moment right now.

I apologize to students and professionals in my field for the ways I was behind in AI advancement or days I wasn’t always engaging. Hopefully, there is room for grace. I’m also humble enough to take the things I can improve upon and implement them in this short window before next semester. To do this I need a boost of confidence.

So this is a pep talk to those profs and professionals who don’t have their head in the sand. You’re trying to keep your head above the water. I’m striving for humility to learn from critiques, grace for my failings, and confidence to head into the Spring semester – with the audacity to teach digital and social media marketing in my early 50s.

AI image showing a university professor burning AI inspired by the book Fahrenheit 451.
AI image generated using Google ImageFX from a prompt to show a university professor burning AI inspired by the book Fahrenheit 451. https://labs.google/fx/tools/image-fx

We need to be more human, more bold.

Speaking of audacious. It’s the motivation for my main article image generated by Google’s ImageFX. My prompt? Show a university professor burning AI inspired by Fahrenheit 451. My human fireworks is to not become replaced by AI teaching agents or young YouTubers selling top 10 strategies for social media success. Marketing thought leader Mark Schaefer inspired the image saying,

“AI has helped create a marketing pandemic of dull. It’s not your fault. Your company probably rewards you for being boring. You’re Google-sufficient and optimized. They’re trying to keep you in their box. But the AI bots are coming. You need to do something, and you need to do it now. It’s time to unleash the HUMAN fireworks in your content. There is no choice. You need to be audacious.”

Thanks for leading us to the future Mark (someone older than me). This is my audacious post that couldn’t be written by AI. AI can’t explain what it feels like to be a professor at this moment or a professional fearing their job loss. AI can’t know what it is to fear its own adoption or know what it is to have grace, humility, and confidence. Google’s AI Overview did give me a nice definition though,

“A state of being confident in one’s abilities while also acknowledging limitations and approaching situations with kindness and respect.”

In bold confidence we also need caution.

While we have no choice in adopting AI, we have a choice in how. Human agency still exists. I don’t want to make the mistakes we made with social media. Have you read Haidt’s book, The Anxious Generation?

Between my period of AI avoidance (pushing off meetings with faculty development) to AI embrace (agreeing to a 5 part AI integration workshop), I created a framework and process to strategically apply AI.

“Move fast and break things” may have helped develop AI, but I’d rather not. A benefit of academia I didn’t have in the fast-paced ad agency world is time for reflection. Marketing success is based on frameworks and processes. I needed that for integrating AI. The result was my summer AI blog series:

  1. Artificial Intelligence Use: A Framework For Determining What Tasks To Outsource To AI [Template]
  2. AI Task Framework: Examples of What I’d Outsource To AI And What I Wouldn’t.
  3. AI Prompt Framework: Improve Results With This Framework And Your Expertise [Template].
  4. More Than Prompt Engineers: Careers With AI Require Subject Matter Expertise [Infographic].
  5. Joy Interrupted: AI Can Distract From Opportunities For Learning And Human Connection.

How I integrated AI in Fall classes.

Coming out of summer I went through every class and assignment to specifically look for places where I felt AI would be helpful for student learning and where it would not. I tried AI for tasks in my assignments and shared what I found with students.

Example of how I gave students specific ways to use AI for one assignment.
Example of how I gave students specific ways to use AI for one assignment.

Each assignment had an AI section giving students specific aspects of the assignment to use AI and how. There was no general ban, but also no OK for all-out use. Using AI for everything shortchanges the learning process as the infographic below illustrates.

This graphic shows that in stages of learning you go through attention, encoding, storage, and retrieval. You need your brain to learn this process not just use AI for the process.
Click the image for a downloadable PDF of this graphic.

I also had a consistent general AI statement on my syllabi (see below). I directed students on when and how to cite AI, and what AI to use with links and directions to use it. I sent them to Copilot for convenience and financial considerations as all students had access to GPT-4 and DALL-E 3 free with their university Microsoft 365 account.

Beyond AI-specific uses in assignments, I had a general AI use policy.

I cautioned about AI copyright issues. I also didn’t want them using AI to complete an entire assignment – why I use TurnItIn’s AI checker. I never used it solely, but academia isn’t the only one using AI detection. A digital marketing professional guest speaker last term told students they use AI in many ways but use AI detectors for their writers. If a client is paying for human-created content, they want to ensure it.

Student uses of AI in assignments.

AI helped students brainstorm and express their ideas. Groups in Integrated Marketing Communications created campaigns for brands like Qdoba. In a class with few graphic design or art students, DALL-E through Copilot enabled them to create customized storyboards of their TV ads and YouTube bumper ads.

A custom storyboard for the Qdoba student team's IMC campaign using DALL-E via Copilot.
A custom storyboard for the Qdoba student team’s IMC campaign using DALL-E via Copilot.

We talked about AI content being great to sell ideas but there may be copyright issues publishing it. There’s also a potential consumer backlash as highlighted in recent Adage articles and Harris Polls.

Example Copilot prompt to find social media influencers.
Students used Copilot to find influencers for their brand social media projects following the prompt framework below.

In social media marketing, students used AI to generate variations of social content captions. Our social media simulation requires many organic posts that must vary for engagement and reach (as with real social posts). Students wrote the main message but let AI create versions to word counts for each social platform. For a brand’s social strategies, they used AI to research influencers, get hashtag ideas, and create images to mock up brand social media posts.

I also taught them prompts to get better results. Using the prompt framework below got me and my students much better results. I heard from colleagues at other universities who are using this framework for their students and getting better results as well.

AI Prompt Framework Template with 1. Task/Goal 2. AI Persona 3. AI Audience 4. AI Task 5. AI Data 6. Evaluate Results.
Click the image to download a PDF of this AI Prompt Framework Template.

What’s to come for the new year?

In my next post, I’ll share my plans for the Spring. Recent AI developments have opened up more possibilities. I’ll explain how I’m using NotebookLM as an AI tutor for one class. I’ll share how I’m going beyond Copilot to leverage new AI capabilities in Adobe Express and Google’s ImageFX.

I’ll also get deeper into new multimodal capabilities of AI with videos exploring live audio interactions in NotebookLM’s Audio Overview and a demonstration of live video conversations with Gemini 2.0 as it “sees” what‘s on my screen.

Banning AI and being behind in AI is the furthest from my mind. I want contribute to how AI can and should (or should not) advance marketing practice and teaching to better prepare us all for the AI revolution.

What have been your struggles and successes with AI?

For my next post on AI see “AI’s Multimodal Future Is Here. Integrating New AI Capabilities Such As NotebookLM In The Classroom.”

100% Human Created!